Module 1: Introduction to PHP

• What is PHP?
• Features of PHP
• Difference between PHP and other server-side languages
• Installing PHP and setting up XAMPP / WAMP / LAMP
• PHP syntax, tags, and comments
• Writing your first PHP program

Module 2: PHP Basics

• Variables and constants
• Data types (String, Integer, Float, Boolean, Array, NULL)
• Operators: arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, increment/decrement, string operators
• Expressions and statements
• PHP echo and print statements

Module 3: Control Structures

• if, if-else, nested if
• switch-case
• Loops: for, while, do-while, foreach
• Break and continue statements

Module 4: Arrays in PHP

• Indexed arrays
• Associative arrays
• Multidimensional arrays
• Array functions: count(), array_merge(), array_push(), array_pop(), sort(), etc.
• Looping through arrays using for and foreach

Module 5: Functions

• Defining and calling functions
• Function arguments and return values
• Default arguments
• Variable scope: global vs local
• Recursive functions
• Built-in PHP functions

Module 6: Strings & String Functions

• String creation and manipulation
• Concatenation and interpolation
• String functions: strlen(), strpos(), str_replace(), substr(), trim(), strtoupper(), strtolower()
• Regular expressions (basic regex)

Module 7: Forms & User Input

• HTML forms and PHP
• GET and POST methods
• Retrieving form data using $_GET and $_POST
• Validating form input
• Sanitizing user input
• File uploads via forms

Module 8: Cookies & Sessions

• What are cookies?
• Setting, reading, and deleting cookies
• What are sessions?
• Starting and destroying sessions
• Session variables and practical use cases

Module 9: File Handling

• Opening and closing files
• Reading and writing files
• File modes (r, w, a, r+, etc.)
• File functions: fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), fclose(), file_exists()
• Uploading files via forms

Module 10: PHP and MySQL Integration

• Introduction to MySQL database
• Connecting PHP with MySQL using MySQLi and PDO
• Performing CRUD operations: Create, Read, Update, Delete
• Using prepared statements for security
• Displaying data from database in HTML table
• Form submission with database interaction

Module 11: Object-Oriented PHP (OOP)

• Classes and objects
• Properties and methods
• Access modifiers: public, private, protected
• Constructors and destructors
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Static members and methods

Module 12: Advanced PHP Concepts

• Error handling: try, catch, finally
• PHP exceptions
• Include and require statements
• Working with JSON
• Using PHP to consume APIs
• Introduction to Composer (dependency management)

Module 13: Security in PHP

• SQL injection prevention
• XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) protection
• CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) basics
• Data validation and sanitization
• Password hashing and verification

Module 14: Projects & Practical Exercises

• Simple registration and login system
• CRUD-based Student Management System
• E-commerce product listing & cart system
• File upload system with validation
• Blog system with database
• Portfolio website with PHP backend